Tshawb xyuas Kev Siv Cov Qauv Hlau hauv Architecture
Nws tau mus txog ntau tshaj 2 lab tons. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, steel yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev steel lug. Steel -reinforced qhob steel tuav, steel twisted, steel hlau, lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, steel lug tsuas muaj li ntawm 10 feem pua. Muaj tsuas yog 2 lab mus rau 3 lab tons rau cov qauv hlau.
Kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm American steel qauv vaj tsev yog kev lag luam (cov nroj tsuag tsim khoom, warehouse thiab auxiliary chaw, thiab lwm yam), kev lag luam (shopping malls, tsev so, exhibition halls, tsev kho mob, chaw ua hauj lwm vaj tse, thiab lwm yam), chaw ntau pob, tsev qiv ntawv, tsev teev ntuj, thiab lwm yam. ). Nws yog feem ntau siv cov qauv steel hauv cov tsev qis qis. Qhov thiaj li hu ua cov tsev qis qis yog hais txog cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam, cov tsev khaws khoom, cov chaw ua haujlwm, cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov tsev hauv zej zog uas muaj qhov siab tsawg dua 18 meters thiab tsis pub tshaj 5 plag tsev. Ntawm lawv, 70 feem pua ntawm cov tsev tsis nyob hauv lub tsev nyob hauv ob lub plag tsev suav nrog 70 feem pua.
Lub teeb steel tsev tau siv dav hauv cov chaw tsim khoom, tsev khaws khoom, chaw ntau pob, chaw ua yeeb yam, tsev loj thiab lwm lub tsev hauv qee lub tebchaws tsim. Lub thiaj li hu ua lub teeb steel hais txog kev siv cov xim hlau daim hlau ua lub ru tsev thiab phab ntsa, raws li nyias-wall steel raws li ib tug tuav thiab lub nplhaib beams, thiab welding lub "H" hom raws li lub ntsiab beam. Ib lub tsev, nrog rau qhov chaw, buckles, qhov rooj thiab qhov rais, thiab lwm yam los tsim ib lub tsev ua tiav, uas yog, lub teeb steel qauv system. Qhov system no yog tsim los ntawm lub Hoobkas, thiab nws tau sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw raws li qhov xav tau. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb yuag, kev siv lub voj voog luv luv, muaj zog yoog raws, zoo nkauj tsos, tus nqi qis, thiab kev saib xyuas yooj yim.
Vim qhov kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv high-rise thiab high-rise steel, cov kev xav tau rau cov tsev siab-siab thiab loj-scale tau nce siab thiab siab dua vim kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm tib neeg kev coj noj coj ua lub neej. Cov qauv steel nws tus kheej muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo xws li lub teeb yuag, lub zog siab, thiab kev tsim kho sai. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau qib siab, loj span, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog super high-level thiab oversized, thiab cov qauv steel yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tam sim no, cov qauv siab tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog cov qauv hlau, thiab qhov chaw ntawm Olympic Games yav dhau los kuj tau txais cov qauv hlau. Ntau cov qauv hlau ntshiab uas tau tsim nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tam sim no yog cov tsev siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv yog 102 plag tsev thiab 381 meters ntawm Empire Building nyob rau hauv New York, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1931, 110 plag tsev thiab 417 meters ntawm lub New York World Trade Center (ob sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb) ua nyob rau hauv 1969. Chicago Building nyob rau hauv Mi, lub { {13}}meter Malaysian Twin Tower Petroleum Building, uas tau tsim xyoo 1996, tau tsim xyoo 1996.
Cov qauv hlau loj yog ib qho tshiab rau cov tsev siab lossis super-high-rise, uas yog tsim los ua kom tau raws li cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb lossis kev ua haujlwm dav. Nws muaj qhov zoo architectural adaptability thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo structural kev ua tau zoo, thiab yog ib tug heev tsim qauv.
Cov kab hlau loj loj feem ntau yog siv rau ntau qhov chaw ua si, cov chaw sib tham rooj sib tham, expo, terminals, aircraft, thiab lwm yam. Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws-sized flat grid khib yog University of California, Los Angeles hauv 1960s. Qhov loj tshaj ob-txheej mesh yog Houston universe dome ua nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv xyoo 1970s thiab New Orleans Super Dome. Hauv xyoo 1990, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm ib txheej mesh plhaub hauv ntiaj teb hauv Nagoya, Nyiv. Lub tsev txoj kab uas hla yog 229.6 meters thiab cov qauv txoj kab uas hla yog 187.2 meters. Daim phiaj peb-txoj kev yog siv. Qhov loj tshaj plaws sab hauv tsev gymnasium nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog lub ntsiab qeb ntawm 1996 Olympic Games Atlanta Stadium (elliptical dav hlau, 186 meters × 235 meters). Lub peev xwm tshaj plaws rau kev txhim kho niaj hnub no. Fukuoka Stadium ua hauv Nyij Pooj xyoo 1993 yog 222 meters hauv txoj kab uas hla. Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws qhib thiab kaw steel qauv ru tsev niaj hnub no. Lub Toronto Ntuj Dome (203 meters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla) ua nyob rau hauv 1989 raug txo mus rau lub ntiaj teb no tus thib ob loj tshaj plaws qhib thiab kaw qauv. Cov qauv npog ntawm ntau tshaj 300 meters yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau phaj thiab steel-type steel. Nws tsis yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tshawb fawb tau zoo dua yog cov qauv sib xyaw (sib xyaw), uas yog, kev sib xyaw siv cov pas nrig, cables, thiab daim nyias nyias.
Qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog Millennium Dome of the Century. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau ntawm Greenwood ntawm Thames Thames, England. Nws yog qhov kev tshaj tawm loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Lub dome zoo li lub dav hlau dav hlau nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 320 meters. Los ntawm theoretical point of view, lub loj span qauv kuj ua tau. Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv kev muaj tiag yuav tsum tau kawm kom ntxaws, tab sis hais txog kev txuas hniav, qhov ntev ntawm 1000 meters tau pom. Nyiv tus Doro Choj (tag nrho ntev yog 890 meters), qhov loj tshaj plaws ncua kev kawm ntawv choj yog Nyiv tus naas ej Ishi Shi Choj (tag nrho ntev ntawm 1991 meters), thiab lub siab tshaj plaws span choj ntawm txoj kev loj thiab railway yog lub Qingma Choj nyob rau hauv Hong Kong (tag nrho ntev. yog 1377 meters) Essence Lub ntiaj teb qhov ntxov tshaj plaws bisoplastic parabolic suspension hau yog lub npe nrov American Ryli Athletic Museum.
Tsis tas li ntawd, yav dhau los Olympic Games, Expo, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem qhia txog qib kev txhim kho ntawm cov qauv hlau. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1972, Munich, lub teb chaws Yelemees (lub Soo -Net Building Group npog 74,800 square meters ntawm stadiums), Montreal, Canada, 1976, Moscow nyob rau hauv 1980, Los Angeles, 1984, 1988 Seoul, South Kauslim (120 meters txoj kab uas hla gymnastics tsev cia puav pheej. thiab 93 -meter inch fencing hall. Nws yog Dome of the Dome), St. Qiao Di Stadium hauv Barcelona, Spain hauv 1992, 1996, Greater Georgia Dome (186 meters × 235 meters ntawm lub dome) hauv 1996 , thiab Sydney, Australia hauv 2000.
